Ao Proximal Humerus Fracture Classification

Frykman Classification of Distal Radial Fractures;.

Ao proximal humerus fracture classification. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, and bruising. Hip periprosthetic fracture module is now online. AO Davos Courses.

Proximal humerus fracture rates will continue to increase with the aging population 5-7,58 and the concomitant rise in osteoporosis. Jupiter Classification of Bado II Montaggia Fractures. The humeral head, the greater.

Ideally, a fracture classification system should act as a guide to treatment, like the Neer classification or the AO system for proximal or diaphyseal humeral fractures. Fracture and Dislocation. Any fracture pattern with less than 1 cm displacement.

1 - Humerus 2 - Radius/Ulna 3 - Femur 4 - Tibia/Fibula-1,2,3 = Proximal, diaphysis, distal. We help you diagnose your Humeral shaft case and provide detailed descriptions of how to manage this and hundreds of other pathologies. The Müller AO Classification of fractures is a system for classifying bone fractures initially published in 1987 by the AO Foundation as a method of categorizing injuries according to therognosis of the patient's anatomical and functional outcome.

Surgical treatment may be indicated in more complex and displaced fractures. Hip periprosthetic fracture module is now online. Drawing of the pathoanatomy of proximal humeral fractures.

Any classification for pediatric fractures must be applicable for all fractures and recognize the importance of growth through the epiphyseal plate. The cause is generally a fall onto the arm or direct trauma to the arm. In the AO classification, the B1.1, .2, A3.2 and A1.2 sub-groups comprise over half of all proximal humeral fractures, while the AO type C fractures occur in only 6%.

Three independent reviewers classified the fractures using the AO, Neer, and HGLS systems. "AO" is an initialism for the German "Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen", the predecessor of the AO Foundation. Surgical neck, anatomic neck, lesser tuberosity or greater tuberosity.

Complications may include injury to an artery or nerve, and compartment syndrome. 27 The incidence is increasing, along with an increasing tendency to more severe fractures.8, 12, 18 The management of these often debilitating injuries is based on various fracture classification systems.16, 18. There was no correlation between AO/OTA fracture classification or fracture location and union status.

The AO/ASIF system and the Neer’s four-segment classification are used to record the fracture anatomy. Be alerted to news on AO/OTA Classification of Distal Humeral Fractures. The most frequently used classification systems for proximal humeral fractures are the Neer classification (Figure .3) and the AO classification (Figure .4).

Diaphysis/Epiphysis A - Simple extra-articicular (1-spiral, 2-oblique, 3-transverse) B - Segmental partial-articular C - Comminuted articular. News trends on AO/OTA Classification of Distal Humeral Fractures. Humerus fractures can result from direct or indirect trauma.

Risk factors include osteoporosis and diabetes. They are classified according to their location as proximal, humeral shaft, or distal fractures. Fractures of the proximal humerus were examined with anteroposterior, lateral, and axillary radiographs.

Fracture displacement is codified into types, at the distal humerus and the proximal radius. We aimed to, a) assess and compare the reliability of the Neer (complete and abbreviated versions) and Arbeitsgemeinschaft für. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and a decreased ability to move the shoulder.

Overall, the OTA/AO classification system for proximal humeral fractures has nine groups (11-A1/2/3, 11-B1/2/3, 11-C1/2/3). Commentary Blogs on AO/OTA Classification of Distal Humeral Fractures. Theddy Slongo, 07 AO Pediatric Comprehensive Classification of Long-Bone Fractures (PCCF).

To address these needs, the validated AO Pediatric Comprehensive Classification of Long Bone Fractures (PCCF)1 was introduced to the AO/OTA Compendium of Fractures and Dislocations in 07. A proximal humerus fracture is a break of the upper part of the bone of the arm (). Despite their widespread use, these systems are variable in both reliability and accuracy.

Proximal Humerus Fracture Classifications A1:. Fracture and Dislocation Classification Compendium (Meinberg E, Agel J, Roberts C, et al. Mason-Johnston Classification of Radial Head Fractures;.

However, we found that type B patterns could also appear as Neer 1- and 2-part fractures. 50 These fractures can cause prolonged and severe disability and often are underestimated when compared with hip fractures. AO Trauma Masters Course - Current Concpets Lecturer:.

Extra-articular unifocal fracture :. Books on AO/OTA Classification of Distal Humeral Fractures. Proximal Humeral Fractures - Nonoperative Care And When It Is Appropriate.

The aim of this study was to test the null hypothesis that interobserver reliability of the AO classification of proximal humeral fractures, the preferred treatment, and fracture characteristics is the same for two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) computed tomography (CT). Proximal Third Humeral Shaft Fractures -- A Fracture Entity Not Fully Characterized by Conventional AO Classification There is clear evidence of specific characteristics which differentiate proximal third humeral shaft fractures from those of midshaft and distal third. The cause of a humerus fracture is usually physical trauma such as a fall.

25 This will increase the demands on health providers further, and some suggest that society faces an epidemic of fractures in the elderly. This retrospective study included 30 patients with a mean age of 63 ± 14 years with dislocation fractures of the proximal humerus type or C3 according the AO/OTA classification. A proximal humerus fracture is a break in the upper part of your humerus near your shoulder.

We help you diagnose your Proximal humerus case and provide detailed descriptions of how to manage this and hundreds of other pathologies. Overall, the OTA/AO classification system for proximal humeral fractures has nine groups (11-A1/2/3, 11-B1/2/3, 11-C1/2/3). Extra-articular unifocal (either tuberosity +/- surgical neck of the humerus ) A1:.

The AO group has developed a comprehensive classification of. News AO/OTA Classification of Distal Humeral Fractures in the news. The AO spine classification of thoracolumbar injuries is one of the more commonly used thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification systems and aims to simplify and universalise the process of classifying spinal injuries and improve interobserver and intraobserver reliability 3.

The rates of AVN of the humeral head were determined clinically and radiographically. Indications according to the different fracture types using the AO-Classification and the fixation techniques, are described for proximal, shaft and distal humeral fractures. The Neer system divides the proximal humerus into four parts and considers not the fracture line, but the displacement as being significant in terms of classification.

AO Classification of Proximal Humeral Fractures. Unlike the other widely used system, the thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS) 1, the AO. AO Davos Courses.

However, other factors, such as osteoporotic bone, associated soft tissue injury and the patient's overall health and motivation, will also influence treatment choices and outcome. 11-E/8.1 Intraarticular flake fracture 2 Radius/Ulna 3 Femur “Research into the healing patterns of pediatric fractures assumes a common language that must be the prerequisite for comprehensive documentation as the basis for treatment and research”. All groups are divided into three subgroups based on the degree of displacement, impaction, or dislocation, resulting in a total of 27 subgroups.

The AO classification system for proximal humeral fractures is not commonly used. Type I - incomplete fracture where Rogers’ line still intersects the capitellum AND in the AP view there is no more than 2 mm valgus/varus fracture gap. Join from wherever you are in the world.

Humerus 11 Proximal end segment 2R1 Proximal end segment. There was a tendency toward higher risk of nonunion in proximal third humeral shaft fractures. A humerus fracture is a break of the humerus bone in the upper arm.

Classifications of Coronoid Process Fractures;. The classification system, broken into three categories focuses on the displacement and pattern of the fracture and the integrity of the coracoclavicular ligaments. AO classification of proximal humeral fractures type A:.

The incidence of proximal humeral fractures is reported to be 6% per 10,000 fractures, with approximately 15% of these being complex 3-part and 4-part fractures. The partial articular type does not exist in the humerus or femur. Join from wherever you are in the world.

Our services and resources;. AO/OTA Fracture and Dislocation Classification Long-bone Fractures 41B Partial articular 41B1 Split 41B2 Depression. Sling immobilization is the treatment for the majority of these fractures.

It is divided into 3 categories based on the severity of injury and likelihood of avascular necrosis of the humeral. Gr tuberosity avulsion :. Surgical neck, anatomic neck, lesser tuberosity or greater tuberosity.

Bado Classification of Monteggia fractures;. Complications may include axillary nerve or axillary artery injury. AO/OTA Classification of Distal Humeral Fractures;.

Reclassification of the same fractures was undertaken after a 6-month interval, and interobserver and intraobserver correlation, by use of the κ. A mid-shaft humerus fracture is a break in the middle of your humerus. The classification of proximal humeral fractures with both the Neer and the AO systems remains difficult with minimal improvements seen when reducing the number of categories in each.

They are based on assessment of two or three perpendicular preoperative radiographs. Based on AO classification, the proximal end of the humerus is delineated by a square with its lateral side equal to the maximum width of the epiphysis. Stable fixation, especially in severe joint fractures, should therefore be achieved.

A simpler modified Neer system using only six fracture types is described by Bernstein but is not in common use 7. They explain the specific problems of reduction and fixation. It considers the presence of displacement or angulation of each of the four major segments of the proximal humerus:.

There may be a decreased ability to move the arm and the person may present holding their elbow. The AO classification proved to be more comprehensive because in the Neer classification, half of the fractures are minimally displaced and almost nine-tenths fall into only three categories. Proximal humeral fractures - newer methods and results.

The fracture is usually evident as a lucency and cortical breach with variable degrees of angulation, impaction and displacement. Proximal humeral fractures account for 4–5 % of all fractures, with the higher incidence in women. A number of classification systems of the proximal humerus are described in the literature, with the Neer and Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragenbeing (AO) the most widely used 5,6.

All groups are divided into three subgroups based on the degree of displacement, impaction, or dislocation, resulting in a total of 27 subgroups. Displacement is on a per-part basis. Regardless of the imaging performed, the number of displaced fragments should be assessed, to enable appropriate classification of the fracture (Neer classification or AO classification are most commonly used).

Patients may present with localized pain, swelling, and deformities. Diagnosis is generally based on X-rays or CT. AO Trauma Course - Principles in Operative Fracture Management Lecturer:.

The AO classification of clavicular fractures along with the Neer classification system is one of the more frequently used classification systems when assessing distal clavicular fractures. Several classifications for proximal humeral fractures exist, with excellent reliability and reproducibility of such classifications being a desirable feature. Proximal humeral fractures are common osteoporotic fractures .The Neer and the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) classification are frequently used for classification 2, 3.Epidemiological studies have reported an overall increase in the incidence of proximal humeral fractures from 1970 to 07 4–6.However, little is known about the association between.

In the latest version of the AO/OTA classification 14 it is stated that type B type fractures represent three-part fractures, or fracture-dislocations by the Neer classification. Extra-articular unifocal fracture with impacted metaphyseal fracture A3:. Notice the predictable displacement caused by deforming muscle insertions.

The four parts are the humeral head, the greater tuberosity, the lesser tuberosity and the humeral shaft. Proximal humerus fractures are common fractures often seen in older patients with osteoporotic bone following a simple ground-level fall on an outstretched arm. Your voice Feedback and feature suggestions.

Proximal humerus fractures commonly occur in the elderly, while distal supracondylar fractures are the most common type of fracture in the pediatric population. The AO coding of a proximal humerus fracture is “ 1 1,” and is further divided into three categories based on the severity of injury:. AO Surgery Reference is a resource for the management of fractures, based on current clinical principles, practices and available evidence.

The classification proposed by Neer16 remains the standard for the evaluation and discussion of these injuries.